Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance,fatty acid composition and antioxidant‐related gene expressions in juvenile loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is one of the most important cultured freshwater fish in several East Asian countries. However, a little information is available in its nutritional requirements. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding varying levels of dietary protein and lipid on growth, fatty acid composition and antioxidant‐related gene expressions in juvenile loach. Six practical diets at three levels of protein (30%, 40% and 50%) and two levels of lipid (6% and 12%) were fed to loach juveniles (initial weight 0.40 g) in triplicated groups (20 fish per replicated) for a period of 8 weeks. Results showed that regardless of lipid level, body weight gain of fish was significantly increased with incremental dietary protein level. Meanwhile, feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased by dietary protein levels, and the lowest value was observed in fish fed dietary protein levels of 50%, regardless of dietary lipid level. Moreover, the percentage of 22:6n‐3 in viscera was significantly increased by different protein levels. The expression level of catalase was significantly increased with incremental dietary protein level with both lipid levels. Meanwhile, the expression level of hepatic nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) was downregulated with incremental dietary protein level with 6% of lipid level, but the expression was upregulated with incremental dietary protein level with 12% of lipid level. In conclusion, these data suggested that 6% lipid and 50% protein in diet was optimal for loach during early development stage.     

硫酸铜对泥鳅精子活力的影响

以泥鳅精子为受试材料,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统,研究硫酸铜(0.1、1、10 mg/L)对泥鳅的精子活力的影响.结果表明,在0 h试验组,0.1 mg/L的硫酸铜明显降低泥鳅精子运动速度,1 mg/L的硫酸铜对运动时间和速度产生显著抑制作用,10 mg/L的硫酸铜时运动百分数、运动时间和速度都产生明显影响(P<0.0...     

泥鳅生长及抗氧化 解毒酶系统对水体中转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻残遗物的响应

在泥鳅养殖水体中添加稻秆粉模拟水稻残遗物生境,研究了泥鳅生长和肝胰脏抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)与解毒酶(GST)活性对转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻‘华恢1号’(HH1)的响应。设计以HH1稻秆粉10 mg·L?1、50 mg·L?1、100 mg·L?1和200 mg·L?1 4个梯度浓度处理泥鳅为试验组,以非转Bt基因水稻‘明恢63’(MH63)稻秆粉处理组为阴性对照,不加稻秆粉的基础饲养组为空白对照。结果显示:在4种稻秆粉浓度下,HH1组与MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、肥满度、内脏系数及SOD、CAT和GST酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05);与空白对照比较,稻秆粉浓度升高对泥鳅生长的抑制逐渐增强,当浓度达到200 mg·L?1时,HH1组和MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、内脏系数与CAT活性降低。研究结果表明,水体中低含量的转融合基因Cry1Ab/Ac水稻HH1稻秆粉对泥鳅的生长与生理酶活性没有明显影响,高浓度HH1和MH63稻秆粉均使泥鳅的生长和生理酶活性显著降低,这可能与养殖水体中浓度较高的悬浮稻秆粉妨碍了泥鳅的呼吸和滤食,及稻秆粉的分解降低了水体p H和溶氧量有关。     

二倍体和四倍体泥鳅全基因组DNA甲基化的比较

以二倍体和四倍体泥鳅为研究对象,采用甲基化修饰依赖性内切酶测序技术(MethylRAD-Seq)在全基因组水平上分析泥鳅的DNA甲基化特点及倍性间的DNA甲基化变异。测序结果共得到302 111 684条Methyl-RAD序列标签。与参考基因组比对结果显示,泥鳅的甲基化位点主要分布在基因体区(gene body),其次为内含子区(intron)和基因间区(intergenic),而在其他功能元件上的分布较少。四倍体泥鳅的整体甲基化水平比二倍体高,尤其是在第一外显子区(1st Exon)和转录起始位点上游1 500bp至200bp区(TSS1500),且倍性间差异极显著(P0.01)。但在启动子区,四倍体泥鳅的甲基化水平略低于二倍体。在二倍体和四倍体泥鳅间共筛选到1 268个差异甲基化CmCGG位点和14个差异甲基化CmCWGG位点,这些位点主要分布于内含子、基因体和基因间区。比较各基因的甲基化水平,共得到684个倍性间差异甲基化基因。KEGG分析结果显示,倍性间差异甲基化基因主要富集到与生长发育、免疫及错配修复等相关通路上。     

长江流域泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅种质资源调查与研究

对长江流域泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅野生群体进行了系统资源调查,结果显示,二倍体泥鳅(2n)与多倍体泥鳅(3n,4n,5n)在长江流域均有分布,其中二倍体泥鳅数目占有绝对优势,少量多倍体泥鳅集中分布于长江流域中游地区及若干湖泊。此外,显著性分析表明,泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的雌性个体都显著大于雄性个体,两物种间个体大小无显著性差异。二倍体泥鳅的体长与体质量明显小于三倍体泥鳅及四倍体泥鳅,而三倍体泥鳅与四倍体泥鳅间无显著性差异。野生群体中,泥鳅雌性个体所占比例从上游到下游逐渐减少,大鳞副泥鳅无明显变化。相关性分析显示,泥鳅体质量与地域经度呈负相关,大鳞副泥鳅体质量与地域经度无显著相关性。研究表明,长江流域多倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅物种资源丰富。     

温度对泥鳅受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响研究

[目的]了解温度对泥鳅仔鱼孵化和仔鱼活力的影响。[方法]在不同温度（18、21、242、73、0和33℃）下,研究泥鳅受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期、孵化率和畸形率,对初孵的泥鳅仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数（SAI）。[结果]当温度为18～33℃时,泥鳅受精卵的培育周期和孵化周期随温度的升高而缩短。当温度为18℃时,泥鳅受精卵的培育周期和孵化周期最长,分别为39.43和10.13 h。当温度为21～27℃时,受精卵孵化率达80%以上,且初孵仔鱼的畸形率较低。当温度为18～30℃时,初孵仔鱼在24 h和48 h存活率都相对较高。不投饵存活系数（SAI）随温度的增长呈先升后降的变化趋势。当温度为24℃时,仔鱼的SAI值最高（27.01）。[结论]泥鳅受精卵孵化的适宜温度为21～27℃,仔鱼生存的适宜温度为21～24℃。     

洗衣粉对泥鳅血清同工酶表达的影响

[目的]探讨洗衣粉对泥鳅血清同工酶表达的影响。[方法]选择2种不同的洗衣粉（代号为AJ、BJ）,分别以其24h半数致死浓度（LC50）为参考浓度,等差设定4个剂量组（20、30、40、50mg/L）,采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）电泳法研究洗衣粉对泥鳅血清酯酶（EST）和过氧化物酶（POD）表达的影响。[结果]2种洗衣粉均诱导泥鳅血清POD同工酶表达,随洗衣粉浓度增加其活性增强;均抑制泥鳅血清EST同工酶的表达,随浓度增加其活性减弱。[结论]2种洗衣粉对泥鳅血清同工酶表达有一定的影响,且不同洗衣粉对不同血清同工酶的影响程度不同。     

泥鳅消化道6种内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位(英文)

[Objective] The study was to immunohistochemical localize the endocrine cells from digestive tract of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.[Method] Using six gastrointestinal hormone antisera, the endocrine cells from digestive tract of M.anguillicaudatus was immunohistochemical localized.[Result] The 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive(5-HT-IR) cells distribute in oesophagus, foregut and midgut; the distribution density was determined to be forepart of foregut> oesophagus and hindpart of foregut>gut, and the differences in the three density gradients reached significant level. Like PP-IR, SS-IR cells were observed mostly in oesophagus, followed by hindpart of foregut, least in forepart of foregut, but never found in gut and hindgut. The three kinds of immunocompetent cells Gas-IR, Glu-IR and SP-IR were not detected in each part of digestive tract. [Conclusion] This study may provide basic data for studying the nutritional and digestive physiology, as well as the preparation of meridic diets for M.anguillicaudatus.     

离子液体[C_(16)mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎与仔鱼的毒性

为了研究离子液体[C_(16)mim]Cl的生物毒性作用,以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor)胚胎和仔鱼为受试动物,分别以胚胎发育的囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和尾芽期4个发育时期以及孵出期和孵出3 d的仔鱼作为处理的起始点进行急性毒性试验。结果显示,随着[C_(16)mim]Cl浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,泥鳅胚胎的孵化率逐渐下降,畸形率则在逐步升高;其中,刚孵出的仔鱼24 h与48 h的半数致死浓度(LC_(50))及安全浓度(SC)分别为0.555、0.453、0.091 mg/L;孵出3 d的仔鱼24 h与48 h的LC_(50)及SC分别为0.444、0.273、0.031 mg/L。表明在较低剂量内,离子液体[C_(16)mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎及其仔鱼的发育表现出明显的致畸与致死作用,并且该毒性作用具有显著的剂量-效应关系。